Standards
Students notice when and why language is used differently at school, at home, and with peers.
Generate resourceIdentify real-life connections between words and what they represent.
Generate resourceStudents read grade-level text orally with purpose, understanding, and accuracy, improving speed and expression on successive readings.
Generate resourceStudents produce and expand sentences in group and individual activities in the context of conversations and writing about experiences, events, and second grade content.
Generate resourceProduce, expand, and rearrange complete simple and compound sentences.
Generate resourceGive more detail or be more specific by using adjectives and adverbs.
Generate resourceUse the matching verb form for singular and plural nouns in basic sentences.
Generate resourceForm and use the past tense of frequently occurring irregular verbs.
Generate resourceCapitalize holidays and the names of people, places, and products.
Generate resourceUse commas in greetings and the closing of cards, letters, and emails.
Generate resourceUse periods, exclamation points, and question marks to end statements, exclamations, and questions.
Generate resourceStudents determine the meaning of and use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading, and being read to.
Generate resourceDetermine or clarify the meaning of new and multiple-meaning words and phrases.
Generate resourceUnderstand and use high frequency adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, and determiners.
Generate resourceStudents explore word relationships and distinguish shades of meaning in the context of second grade conversations and reading.
Generate resourceUse known root words and prefixes as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.
Generate resourceUse knowledge of individual words as a clue to the meaning of compound words.
Generate resourceUse sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Generate resourceDistinguish shades of meaning among closely related verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
Generate resourceStudents develop command of the English language to speak and write clearly, and to comprehend more fully when reading, listening, or viewing.
Generate resourceStudents identify the effects, purposes, and parts of media messages, people who provide information, and options for engaging with media messages.
Generate resourceStudents interact with and explore texts in a language-rich environment.
Generate resourceSelect texts that interest them and/or that are recommended by peers and adults.
Generate resourceSpend time holding, looking at, reading and/or listening to texts.
Generate resourceMake connections, tell stories and/or explain information based on imagination, images, and/or words they recognize in texts.
Generate resourceStudents know and apply the basic features of print and how it is organized.
Generate resourceRecognize, name, and print the lowercase and uppercase letters and the sounds they represent with automaticity.
Generate resourceRecognize the distinguishing features of a paragraph. (e.g., indentation, capitalization, spacing, punctuation).
Generate resourceStudents know and apply how concepts of sounds, syllables, words, and silence function in speech (phonological awareness).
Generate resourceRecognize, pronounce, separate, blend, and count the syllables in spoken words.
Generate resourceRecognize, pronounce, isolate, blend, and count initial, medial, and final sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.
Generate resourceOrally produce words by blending sounds (phonemes), including consonant blends.
Generate resourceBlend and segment onsets and rhymes of two-syllable spoken words.
Generate resourceRecognize and produce words that begin with the same initial sound (alliteration).
Generate resourceParse individual words within spoken phrases and sentences.
Generate resourceStudents decode words with accuracy and fluency using grade-level word analysis skills.
Generate resourceKnow the letter-sound correspondences, including common consonant digraphs.
Generate resourceKnow spelling-sound correspondences for additional common vowel teams.
Generate resourceAdd, delete or substitute letters and/or syllables in simple words to form and write new words.
Generate resourceUse knowledge that every syllable must have a vowel sound to determine the number of syllables in a printed word.
Generate resourceRecognize, pronounce, separate, blend, and count the syllables in printed words.
Generate resourceDecode words using combined knowledge of letter-sound correspondence, regular and irregular spelling patterns.
Generate resourceDecode multi-syllable words that follow basic patterns by breaking words into syllables.
Generate resourceDistinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words.
Generate resourceIdentify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences.
Generate resourceRead high-frequency words by sight with increased automaticity.
Generate resourceRead paragraphs within a text with increasing accuracy and fluency.
Generate resourceStudents comprehend and interpret texts using a variety of strategies.
Generate resourceUse prior knowledge to make predictions and check them against what is in the text.
Generate resourceUse a variety of strategies that encourage and maintain motivation to engage with a text.
Generate resourceRe-connect when the flow of reading is interrupted using a variety of strategies.
Generate resourceExplain how the visual elements in a text represent and/or add to its meaning.
Generate resourceAsk and answer questions about a text, including key details.
Generate resourceDescribe a story’s setting, major events, narrators, and characters, including how they respond to major events and challenges.
Generate resourceStudents describe how the author, illustrator, and/or creator shape meaning and affect a reader’s experience of the text.
Generate resourceReflect on what the text makes them feel, think, and/or want to do.
Generate resourceDescribe the impact of images and specific words on the reader’s understanding.
Generate resourceIdentify different text features used in a genre and what they help the reader do or know.
Generate resourceCompare and contrast choices made by different authors, illustrators, and creators when telling a similar story or writing on a similar topic.
Generate resourceSay what they may or may not like about a text and tell the reason.
Generate resourceStudents use texts they have read for purposes relevant to them.
Generate resourceTo better understand themselves and others, explore characters’ thoughts, feelings, and motivations.
Generate resourceTo develop imagination and understanding of others, say what they would think, feel, or do in situations similar to those in the texts.
Generate resourceUse information or examples from texts for discussions and projects. [See W2nd.3 and SLDF2nd.3.]
Generate resourceUse choices made by authors, illustrators, and creators as ideas for their own multimodal compositions. [See W2nd.4b.]
Generate resourceStudents ask questions about things that make them curious.
Generate resourceGenerate ideas for where they might find information based on what they and/or others know about the topic.
Generate resourceIdentify a variety of print and digital information sources and where to find them, including libraries.
Generate resourceContribute suggestions when adults use digital search tools.
Generate resourceStudents gather relevant information using a variety of strategies.
Generate resourceIdentify how media messages make them feel and what these emotions may make them want to say or do.
Generate resourceIdentify media messages that are mainly helping people learn new things, trying to change people’s minds, selling something, or just for fun.
Generate resourceDetermine whether statements in media messages express an opinion or can be verified as true or false.
Generate resourceCompare and contrast information on the same topic in two or more media messages from different sources.
Generate resourceDescribe how changing an image can change the meaning of a media message.
Generate resourceDetermine whether an individual, an organization, or both can be considered responsible for the content of an information source.
Generate resourceIdentify individuals or organizations made up of people who are experts on a particular topic and could provide information about it.
Generate resourceStudents read, comprehend, interpret, use, analyze, and appreciate fiction, poetry, nonfiction, and multimodal texts from a broad range of genres, cultures, and media in the context of grade-level content to understand themselves, others, and the world.
Generate resourceStudents ask questions, seek answers using a variety of sources and tools, and use their learning.
Generate resourceStudents listen, respond respectfully, and contribute during discussions.
Generate resourceDiscuss expectations and roles within the community, changing them when needed.
Generate resourceReview previous conversations when continuing a discussion.
Generate resourceAsk questions about the topic and others’ observations and opinions.
Generate resourceDraw on experience, observation, and prior learning to contribute.
Generate resourceExplain what they understood from other’s contributions and ask for clarification or more information to build common understanding.
Generate resourceConnect statements to others’ contributions to build community and propel conversation.
Generate resourceAsk questions to explore why someone else may relate or think differently.
Generate resourceDiscuss expectations, roles, and timelines, changing them when needed.
Generate resourceConnect the project to their interests, experiences, and/or community needs.
Generate resourceStudents present experience, positions, ideas, findings, and creative work.
Generate resourceIdentify topics from the situation, experience, imagination, reading, research (see RML2nd.4) media, conversations, and/or products from W2nd.1.
Generate resourceDevelop content by considering what they want to communicate within the situation and what the audience already knows.
Generate resourceUse images, media, and artifacts in presentations to clarify content and support the audience’s engagement.
Generate resourceStudents determine how to present themselves and their ideas.
Generate resourceExpress voice by building on strengths, experiences, and personality.
Generate resourceDetermine how to respond to others given the expectations of the community, their role, and how they wish to express themselves and their ideas.
Generate resourceDetermine which language and/or languages support their purpose.
Generate resourceDetermine what they want or do not want to share and why.
Generate resourceStudents use an audible voice, gesture, and pacing to illuminate the content and engage the audience.
Generate resourceStudents comprehend, engage in, and learn from collaborative discussions and presentations in the context of grade-level content, in person and/or through teacher-moderated digital forums.
Generate resourceStudents compose to make personal sense of information, ideas, opinions, emotions, and/or experiences. [Not all products from W2nd.1 must be taken through W2nd.2 – W2nd.10.]
Generate resourceStudents share and publish compositions in person and/or on digital or non-digital platforms for known and trusted audiences.
Generate resourceStudents compose multimodal texts in a variety of genres to communicate with others.
Generate resourceInform others about their observations and explanations of the world.
Generate resourcePersuade others to consider new options, resolve conflicts, and create and strengthen communities.
Generate resourceConnect the prompt to their interests, perspectives, and/or experiences.
Generate resourceDetermine the process or steps needed to complete the project.
Generate resourceStudents generate and gather ideas, including appropriate use of tools.
Generate resourceIdentify topics and ideas from experience, imagination, reading, research (see RML2nd.4), media, conversations, products from W2nd.1, and/or desire to communicate.
Generate resourceDetermine which features and/or genre conventions to follow or adapt from mentor texts.
Generate resourceAnswer questions about what the writer knows that the audience does not.
Generate resourceChoose facts from research (see RML2nd.4), images, and/or other media that illustrate and support their ideas.
Generate resourceStudents draft content within the genre to develop ideas and express voice.
Generate resourceSupport an opinion with reasons, using linking words to connect them.
Generate resourceTell events in stories in order, using temporal words to signal order and details to elaborate a single event string of events and describe actions, thoughts, and feelings.
Generate resourceApproximate some text features and/or formatting by the placement of drawings, titles, labels, blank space, and/or other features noticed in mentor texts.
Generate resourceIdentify who deserves credit when using information from a source.
Generate resourceStudents compose introductions and conclusions within the genre.
Generate resourceProvide a concluding statement or section for informational texts and opinions.
Generate resourceStudents organize content by using or adapting the genre’s structure.
Generate resourceRe-read to determine whether the draft says what they want it to say.
Generate resourceDescribe what their composition means and/or represents to an adult or peer.
Generate resourceAsk an adult or peer to describe their perceived meaning of the composition.
Generate resourceUse what they learned from re-reading and feedback to add details, change words, and/or provide focus.
Generate resourceEdit for conventions and consistency of text features. [Demonstrate command of Language standards K–2.]
Generate resourceStudents compose multimodal texts in a variety of genres in the context of grade-level content.
Generate resourceDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
Generate resourceDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
Generate resourceApply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.
Generate resourceDetermine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful word parts, and consulting general and specialized reference materials, as appropriate.
Generate resourceDemonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
Generate resourceAcquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering an unknown term important to comprehension or expression.
Generate resourceRead closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.
Generate resourceRead and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.
Generate resourceDetermine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.
Generate resourceAnalyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.
Generate resourceInterpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.
Generate resourceAnalyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole.
Generate resourceAssess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text.
Generate resourceIntegrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.
Generate resourceDelineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence.
Generate resourceAnalyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take.
Generate resourcePrepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.
Generate resourceIntegrate and evaluate information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.
Generate resourceEvaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric.
Generate resourcePresent information, findings, and supporting evidence such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
Generate resourceMake strategic use of digital media and visual displays of data to express information and enhance understanding of presentations.
Generate resourceAdapt speech to a variety of contexts and communicative tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.
Generate resourceWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
Generate resourceWrite routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.
Generate resourceWrite informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
Generate resourceWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.
Generate resourceProduce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
Generate resourceDevelop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach.
Generate resourceUse technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others.
Generate resourceConduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
Generate resourceGather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism.
Generate resourceDraw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Generate resourceDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
Generate resourceForm and use frequently occurring irregular plural nouns (e.g., feet, children, teeth, mice, fish).
Generate resourceForm and use the past tense of frequently occurring irregular verbs (e.g., sat, hid, told).
Generate resourceUse adjectives and adverbs, and choose between them depending on what is to be modified.
Generate resourceProduce, expand, and rearrange complete simple and compound sentences (e.g., The boy watched the movie; The little boy watched the movie; The action movie was watched by the little boy).
Generate resourceDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
Generate resourceUse an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives.
Generate resourceGeneralize learned spelling patterns when writing words (e.g., cage → badge; boy → boil).
Generate resourceConsult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings.
Generate resourceUse knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
Generate resourceDetermine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.
Generate resourceUse sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Generate resourceDetermine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/retell).
Generate resourceUse a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., addition, additional).
Generate resourceUse knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words (e.g., birdhouse, lighthouse, housefly; bookshelf, notebook, bookmark).
Generate resourceUse glossaries and beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.
Generate resourceDemonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.
Generate resourceIdentify real-life connections between words and their use (e.g., describe foods that are spicy or juicy).
Generate resourceDistinguish shades of meaning among closely related verbs (e.g., toss, throw, hurl) and closely related adjectives (e.g., thin, slender, skinny, scrawny).
Generate resourceUse words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using adjectives and adverbs to describe (e.g., When other kids are happy that makes me happy).
Generate resourceKnow and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
Generate resourceDistinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words.
Generate resourceKnow spelling-sound correspondences for additional common vowel teams.
Generate resourceDecode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels.
Generate resourceIdentify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences.
Generate resourceRecognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.
Generate resourceRead with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.
Generate resourceRead on-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.
Generate resourceUse context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.
Generate resourceAsk and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.
Generate resourceBy the end of year, read and comprehend informational texts, including history/social studies, science, and technical texts, in the grades 2—3 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
Generate resourceIdentify the main topic of a multiparagraph text as well as the focus of specific paragraphs within the text.
Generate resourceDescribe the connection between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text.
Generate resourceDetermine the meaning of words and phrases in a text relevant to a grade 2 topic or subject area.
Generate resourceKnow and use various text features (e.g., captions, bold print, subheadings, glossaries, indexes, electronic menus, icons) to locate key facts or information in a text efficiently.
Generate resourceIdentify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe.
Generate resourceExplain how specific images (e.g., a diagram showing how a machine works) contribute to and clarify a text.
Generate resourceDescribe how reasons support specific points the author makes in a text.
Generate resourceCompare and contrast the most important points presented by two texts on the same topic.
Generate resourceAsk and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.
Generate resourceBy the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories and poetry, in the grades 2—3 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
Generate resourceRecount stories, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, and determine their central message, lesson, or moral.
Generate resourceDescribe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges.
Generate resourceDescribe how words and phrases (e.g., regular beats, alliteration, rhymes, repeated lines) supply rhythm and meaning in a story, poem, or song.
Generate resourceDescribe the overall structure of a story, including describing how the beginning introduces the story and the ending concludes the action.
Generate resourceAcknowledge differences in the points of view of characters, including by speaking in a different voice for each character when reading dialogue aloud.
Generate resourceUse information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot.
Generate resourceCompare and contrast two or more versions of the same story (e.g., Cinderella stories) by different authors or from different cultures.
Generate resourceParticipate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups.
Generate resourceFollow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion).
Generate resourceBuild on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others.
Generate resourceAsk for clarification and further explanation as needed about the topics and texts under discussion.
Generate resourceRecount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media.
Generate resourceAsk and answer questions about what a speaker says in order to clarify comprehension, gather additional information, or deepen understanding of a topic or issue.
Generate resourceTell a story or recount an experience with appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details, speaking audibly in coherent sentences.
Generate resourceCreate audio recordings of stories or poems; add drawings or other visual displays to stories or recounts of experiences when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings.
Generate resourceProduce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation in order to provide requested detail or clarification.
Generate resourceWrite opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.
Generate resourceWrite informative/explanatory texts in which they introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section.
Generate resourceWrite narratives in which they recount a well-elaborated event or short sequence of events, include details to describe actions, thoughts, and feelings, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide a sense of closure.
Generate resourceWith guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing.
Generate resourceWith guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.
Generate resourceParticipate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations).
Generate resourceRecall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.
Generate resource